See gian on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "phi-pro",
"3": "*ʀaqan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine *ʀaqan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀaqan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaqan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Philippine *ʀaqan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaqan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gìan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "noun",
"head": "gìan"
},
"expansion": "gìan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"gi",
"an"
]
}
],
"lang": "Central Bikol",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "gabat"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Central Bikol entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 29 33 7 2 1 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 32 10 1 1 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kagianan"
},
{
"word": "maggian"
},
{
"word": "magian"
},
{
"word": "pagian"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lightness; weightlessness"
],
"id": "en-gian-bcl-noun-HxdsMAsm",
"links": [
[
"lightness",
"lightness"
],
[
"weightlessness",
"weightlessness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡiˈʔan/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡiˈʔan̪]"
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "gān"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "goh",
"3": "gān"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gān"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gehen"
},
"expansion": "German gehen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "go"
},
"expansion": "English go",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German gān, from Old High German gān, from Proto-West Germanic *gān, from Proto-Germanic *gāną. Cognate with German gehen, English go.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geat",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gånt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "soin",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "ghéenan",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Sette-Comuni"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "auxiliary",
"14": "soin",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "verb",
"3": "strong class 7",
"4": "",
"5": "third-person singular present indicative",
"6": "geat",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "gånt",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gian (strong class 7, third-person singular present indicative geat, past participle gånt, auxiliary soin)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "geat",
"2": "gånt",
"3": "soin",
"class": "7"
},
"expansion": "gian (strong class 7, third-person singular present indicative geat, past participle gånt, auxiliary soin)",
"name": "cim-verb-strong"
}
],
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luserna Cimbrian",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 29 33 7 2 1 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 32 10 1 1 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 26 5 16 15 5 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "Wherever you go, remember who you are.",
"text": "Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist.",
"translation": "Wherever you go, remember who you are.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go"
],
"id": "en-gian-cim-verb-gNM9bcDR",
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Luserna) to go"
],
"tags": [
"Luserna",
"class-7",
"strong"
]
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ilo",
"2": "yan"
},
"expansion": "Ilocano yan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *giyan, compare Ilocano yan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ibg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ibanag",
"lang_code": "ibg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ibanag entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "27 29 33 7 2 1 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 5 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 28 32 10 1 1 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"place"
],
"id": "en-gian-ibg-noun-gd9jWAzJ",
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bigian"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "gien"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*jehan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *jehan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *jehan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Verner alternation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "5 irregular",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gian",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gio",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gion",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gag",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gies",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gag",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giunt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gie",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gie",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gien",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gien",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "participle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gian",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gigian",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "verb",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "odt-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gi",
"class": "5",
"irr": "hiatus"
},
"name": "odt-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 28 32 10 1 1 0 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 26 5 16 15 5 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "91 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to acknowledge, to recognise"
],
"id": "en-gian-odt-verb-vBKGTBqK",
"links": [
[
"acknowledge",
"acknowledge"
],
[
"recognise",
"recognise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 26 5 16 15 5 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to declare"
],
"id": "en-gian-odt-verb-P6lwKFEL",
"links": [
[
"declare",
"declare"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "間"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "間"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 間",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "căn"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of căn",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 間. Doublet of căn.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 26 5 16 15 5 4 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Vietnamese words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 21 73",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "không gian"
},
{
"word": "nhân gian"
},
{
"word": "thế gian"
},
{
"word": "thời gian"
},
{
"word": "trần gian"
},
{
"word": "trung gian"
}
],
"glosses": [
"compartment, room"
],
"id": "en-gian-vi-noun-CNhG1~R8",
"links": [
[
"compartment",
"compartment"
],
[
"room",
"room"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaːn˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaːŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaːŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gian ác"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gian dối"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gian giảo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gian manh"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gian thần"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gian thương"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gian trá"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "gian xảo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "奸"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "奸"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 奸",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 奸.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姦",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "奸",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𱙃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "姦, 奸, 𱙃"
},
"expansion": "gian • (姦, 奸, 𱙃)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "姦, 奸, 𱙃"
},
"expansion": "gian • (姦, 奸, 𱙃)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Vietnamese usage examples with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"english": "How could honest people think of this as a nefarious trick?",
"ref": "1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], published 1870, line 1663:",
"roman": "Ngay tình ai biết mưu gian?",
"translation": "How could honest people think of this as a nefarious trick?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil, wicked"
],
"id": "en-gian-vi-adj-Trt5fPrE",
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "riches obtained from morally dubious means",
"text": "của gian",
"translation": "riches obtained from morally dubious means",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dishonest"
],
"id": "en-gian-vi-adj-NzTyBLZm",
"links": [
[
"dishonest",
"dishonest"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaːn˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaːŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaːŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kagianan"
},
{
"word": "maggian"
},
{
"word": "magian"
},
{
"word": "pagian"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "phi-pro",
"3": "*ʀaqan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Philippine *ʀaqan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*ʀaqan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaqan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Philippine *ʀaqan, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀaqan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gìan",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bcl",
"2": "noun",
"head": "gìan"
},
"expansion": "gìan",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"gi",
"an"
]
}
],
"lang": "Central Bikol",
"lang_code": "bcl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "gabat"
}
],
"categories": [
"Central Bikol entries with incorrect language header",
"Central Bikol lemmas",
"Central Bikol nouns",
"Central Bikol terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Central Bikol terms derived from Proto-Philippine",
"Central Bikol terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Central Bikol terms inherited from Proto-Philippine",
"Central Bikol terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"lightness; weightlessness"
],
"links": [
[
"lightness",
"lightness"
],
[
"weightlessness",
"weightlessness"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡiˈʔan/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡiˈʔan̪]"
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "gān"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "goh",
"3": "gān"
},
"expansion": "Old High German gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*gān"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gān",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gāną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gāną",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "gehen"
},
"expansion": "German gehen",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "go"
},
"expansion": "English go",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German gān, from Old High German gān, from Proto-West Germanic *gān, from Proto-Germanic *gāną. Cognate with German gehen, English go.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "geat",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gånt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "soin",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "ghéenan",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Sette-Comuni"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"10": "",
"11": "",
"12": "",
"13": "auxiliary",
"14": "soin",
"15": "",
"16": "",
"2": "verb",
"3": "strong class 7",
"4": "",
"5": "third-person singular present indicative",
"6": "geat",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "gånt",
"9": "",
"cat2": "",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "gian (strong class 7, third-person singular present indicative geat, past participle gånt, auxiliary soin)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "geat",
"2": "gånt",
"3": "soin",
"class": "7"
},
"expansion": "gian (strong class 7, third-person singular present indicative geat, past participle gånt, auxiliary soin)",
"name": "cim-verb-strong"
}
],
"lang": "Cimbrian",
"lang_code": "cim",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Cimbrian class 7 strong verbs",
"Cimbrian entries with incorrect language header",
"Cimbrian lemmas",
"Cimbrian strong verbs",
"Cimbrian terms derived from Middle High German",
"Cimbrian terms derived from Old High German",
"Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Cimbrian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Cimbrian terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Cimbrian terms inherited from Old High German",
"Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Cimbrian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Cimbrian terms with usage examples",
"Cimbrian verbs",
"Luserna Cimbrian",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
11,
16
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
13,
15
]
],
"english": "Wherever you go, remember who you are.",
"text": "Bobrall du geast, gedenkhte ber du pist.",
"translation": "Wherever you go, remember who you are.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to go"
],
"links": [
[
"go",
"go"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Luserna) to go"
],
"tags": [
"Luserna",
"class-7",
"strong"
]
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ilo",
"2": "yan"
},
"expansion": "Ilocano yan",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *giyan, compare Ilocano yan.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ibg",
"2": "noun"
},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ibanag",
"lang_code": "ibg",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ibanag entries with incorrect language header",
"Ibanag lemmas",
"Ibanag nouns",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"place"
],
"links": [
[
"place",
"place"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Dutch Verner alternating verbs",
"Old Dutch basic verbs",
"Old Dutch class 5 strong verbs",
"Old Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Dutch hiatus verbs",
"Old Dutch irregular strong verbs",
"Old Dutch irregular verbs",
"Old Dutch lemmas",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Old Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Old Dutch verbs",
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bigian"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"word": "gien"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "ine-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*jehan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *jehan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *jehan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "irregular strong",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "odt-conj-st",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Verner alternation",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "5 irregular",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "gian",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gio",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gion",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gag",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gies",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gag",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgot",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "giunt",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgon",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gie",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gie",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gien",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgit",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gien",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gāgin",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "gig",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "giet",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "participle",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "giandi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "gian",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gigian",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "verb",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "odt-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gi",
"class": "5",
"irr": "hiatus"
},
"name": "odt-conj-st"
}
],
"lang": "Old Dutch",
"lang_code": "odt",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to acknowledge, to recognise"
],
"links": [
[
"acknowledge",
"acknowledge"
],
[
"recognise",
"recognise"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to declare"
],
"links": [
[
"declare",
"declare"
]
]
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese doublets",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese nouns",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "không gian"
},
{
"word": "nhân gian"
},
{
"word": "thế gian"
},
{
"word": "thời gian"
},
{
"word": "trần gian"
},
{
"word": "trung gian"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "間"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "間"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 間",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "căn"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of căn",
"name": "doublet"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 間. Doublet of căn.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"head": "",
"tr": ""
},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "gian",
"name": "vi-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"compartment, room"
],
"links": [
[
"compartment",
"compartment"
],
[
"room",
"room"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaːn˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaːŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaːŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 5 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Vietnamese words",
"Vietnamese adjectives",
"Vietnamese entries with incorrect language header",
"Vietnamese lemmas",
"Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gian ác"
},
{
"word": "gian dối"
},
{
"word": "gian giảo"
},
{
"word": "gian manh"
},
{
"word": "gian thần"
},
{
"word": "gian thương"
},
{
"word": "gian trá"
},
{
"word": "gian xảo"
}
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "奸"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "Sino-Vietnamese words"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "categorize"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "奸"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 奸",
"name": "vi-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Vietnamese word from 奸.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "姦",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "奸",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
},
{
"form": "𱙃",
"tags": [
"CJK"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vi",
"2": "adjective",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"head": "",
"tr": "姦, 奸, 𱙃"
},
"expansion": "gian • (姦, 奸, 𱙃)",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "姦, 奸, 𱙃"
},
"expansion": "gian • (姦, 奸, 𱙃)",
"name": "vi-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Vietnamese",
"lang_code": "vi",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with quotations",
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples",
"Vietnamese usage examples with omitted translation"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
43,
52
]
],
"english": "How could honest people think of this as a nefarious trick?",
"ref": "1820, Nguyễn Du (阮攸), Truyện Kiều (傳翹) [The Tale of Kieu], published 1870, line 1663:",
"roman": "Ngay tình ai biết mưu gian?",
"translation": "How could honest people think of this as a nefarious trick?",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"evil, wicked"
],
"links": [
[
"evil",
"evil"
],
[
"wicked",
"wicked"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Vietnamese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "riches obtained from morally dubious means",
"text": "của gian",
"translation": "riches obtained from morally dubious means",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dishonest"
],
"links": [
[
"dishonest",
"dishonest"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[zaːn˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Hà-Nội"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaːŋ˧˧]",
"tags": [
"Huế"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[jaːŋ˧˧]",
"note": "Saigon"
}
],
"word": "gian"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gian meaning in All languages combined (12.8kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2447",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT Old Dutch is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: participle",
"path": [
"gian"
],
"section": "Old Dutch",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2512",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT Old Dutch is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS; cleaned text: participle, style: background-color:var(--wikt-palette-lightgrey); font-weight:bold;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"gian"
],
"section": "Old Dutch",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "gian",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "parser/304",
"msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
"path": [
"gian"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "gian",
"trace": "started on line 1, detected on line 1"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"gian"
],
"section": "Vietnamese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "gian",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-03-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-03-03 using wiktextract (05c257f and 9d9a410). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.